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Chromosome, DNA

Chromosome, DNA

 

Chromosome, DNA
Image Number: 118-112
Dimensions: 900 X 450
Media Used: Digital Photoshop
Formats Available: Whatever required
Title: Chromosome, DNA
Customization: Available
Image Description:  Chromosome, DNA. Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and proteins that are found in cells. Chromosomes contain a single continuous piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the massively-long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromatin varies through the cell cycle, and is responsible for the organization of chromosomes into the classic four-arm structure during mitosis and meiosis. Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei such as plants, yeast, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. Each chromosome has one centromere, with one or two arms projecting from the centromere, although under most circumstances these arms are not visible as such. In addition most eukaryotes have a small circular mitochondrial genome, and some eukaryotes may have additional small circular or linear cytoplasmic chromosomes. In the nuclear chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a semi-ordered structure, where it is wrapped around histones (structural proteins), forming a composite material called chromatin. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein found in the eukaryotic nucleus which packages chromosomes. The structure of chromatin varies significantly between different stages of the cell cycle, according to the requirements of the DNA.

© Catherine Twomey
Portfolio
Artist/Company Bio:
 Professional yet creative. Detailed yet capable of understanding and illustrating the most complex concept in the most straightforward way. Deadline oriented and accurate. Producer of some of the most beautifully colored and rendered work found today. Catherine Twomey is a Board Certified member of the Association of Medical Illustrators and a Founding member of the Illustrators Partnership of America. She has had her own successful business creating art for science and the healthcare industry for over 20 years. She has received many Awards of Excellence from the RX/Art Directors Club in New York City, the Association of Medical Illustrators and numerous other venues. Estimates are provided without charge. The stock section of Indexed Visuals carries 75 of Catherine's images available for licensing. Most images are produced in Photoshop layers, making it possible to modify images to fit your needs. Catherine's website at http://www.artistsart.com provides more samples and information. Catherine is a graduate of the Medical Illustration/Biomedical Visualization Program of the University of Illinois, B.S. in Biocommunication Arts/Medical Illustration, including U. of I. Medical School Sciences: human gross anatomy, physiology, neuroanatomy, histology, embryology, pathology. She also has a Masters Degree from Northern Illinois University Graduate School, M.S. in Art Education, Summa Cum Laude. Catherine provides her services to biotech and pharmaceutical companies, attorneys, major medical publishers of textbooks and journals, and consumer publications. Her illustrations have appeared worldwide, from every WalMart to the NBC Home show to the largest medical convention, RSNA (Radiogical Society of North America).

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Additional Related Images to:
Chromosome, DNA

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Chromosome, DNA. Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and proteins that are found in cells. Chromosomes contain a single continuous piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the massively-long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromatin varies through the cell cycle, and is responsible for the organization of chromosomes into the classic four-arm structure during mitosis and meiosis. Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei such as plants, yeast, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. Each chromosome has one centromere, with one or two arms projecting from the centromere, although under most circumstances these arms are not visible as such. In addition most eukaryotes have a small circular mitochondrial genome, and some eukaryotes may have additional small circular or linear cytoplasmic chromosomes. In the nuclear chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a semi-ordered structure, where it is wrapped around histones (structural proteins), forming a composite material called chromatin. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein found in the eukaryotic nucleus which packages chromosomes. The structure of chromatin varies significantly between different stages of the cell cycle, according to the requirements of the DNA.
  View Image #125-010 DNA & Chromosomes #125-010  
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Shows chromosomes and DNA strands.
  View Image #118-117 DNA Chromosome Helix #118-117  
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DNA Chromosome Helix. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. Chemically, DNA is a long polymer of simple units called nucleotides, with a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process called transcription. Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes such as bacteria it is found in the cell's cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.
  View Image #118-084 DNA Helix Chromosome #118-084  
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DNA Helix Chromosome. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. Chemically, DNA is a long polymer of simple units called nucleotides, with a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process called transcription. Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes such as bacteria it is found in the cell's cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.
  View Image #231-002 Chromosomes #231-002  
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Chromosomes, organized structures of DNA and proteins in cells
 
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